GENEVA — The head of the World Trade Organization said Friday the U.S. administration’s call to remove patent protections on COVID-19 vaccines could help expand fair access to vaccines but might not be the most “critical issue,” as officials in Europe increasingly insisted that more vaccine exports are the more pressing priority.
WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala told a virtual conference that the trade body aimed to find a “pragmatic solution that assures access to developing countries to deal with vaccine inequity, whilst at the same time making sure we don’t disincentivize research and innovation.”
Activists and humanitarian institutions cheered the American reversal in policy Wednesday and urged others to follow suit in order to remove the intellectual property protections on the COVID-19 vaccines. They argue that would allow more factories around the world to produce the shots, increasing the supply, especially in poorer countries. The decision ultimately is up to the 164-member WTO, and if just one country votes against a waiver, the idea will fail.
While many world leaders welcomed the U.S. step, few see any waiver as the only or even best way to expand access to vaccines and end the pandemic — and they’ve taken the U.S. to task for not sharing more of the vaccines that already exist with the rest of the world.
For instance, Germany, a research powerhouse with strong biotech and pharmaceutical sectors, spoke out against waiving the protections.
“The main issue is not the question of patents. The main issue is the question of production capacity,” German Health Minister Jens Spahn said, noting that producing vaccines like one developed by German firm BioNTech — and manufactured with Pfizer —is very complicated.
It “is not something you can simply do with a license in some factory somewhere, somehow, whether it’s in Germany or India or Chile,” he said.
Instead, he stressed — as the pharmaceutical industry has — that developed countries whose vaccination campaigns are going well should export more shots.
“We’ll be exporting a lot more. I can only welcome if the United States change their policy and make vaccination doses available for other countries,” he said.
Ulrike Demmer, a German government spokeswoman, also echoed many in the industry and some analysts in noting that “the limiting factor in vaccine production is production capacity and high quality standards, not patents.”
Some, however, have argued that there are factories that could produce the shots if the protections were suspended and the know-how shared.
But in remarks to the Florence-based European University Institute’s annual State of the Union conference, the WTO’s Okonjo-Iweala said that the patent waiver “may not be the critical issue” on increasing vaccine volume.
Other key steps include reducing restrictions on the export both of vaccines and the ingredients needed to make them, sharing the know-how behind the shots, training manufacturing personnel and increasing manufacturing capacity globally.
Winfield reported from Rome. Associated Press writers Frank Jordans and Dorothee Thiesing in Berlin contributed to this report.
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